Micro study guide 1
Name the six kingdoms of life. Tell whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Where does the energy to fuel most organisms come from originally?
The
sun; photosynthesis
How do nutrients make their way back into the soil?
Decomposition
Define ubiquitous. “everywhere”
What is a pathogen?
A
disease causing organism
What is thought to cause gastric ulcers in humans?
Helicobacter, drugs
Parasite- an organism that feeds on another living organism
Host - an organism that has a parasite.
Who invented the microscope?
Leeuwenhoek
Who introduced the germ theory of disease?
Pasteur
Who developed a plan to determine whether a particular “germ” caused a specific disease?
Koch
What type of organism are you? Be sure to use standard binomial nomenclature.
Homo sapiens
In a cell culture, a mound of bacteria is called a colony
In lab, we grow bacterial cultures in agar
If you culture something, and get several types of colonies, how can you get pure cultures for identification?
What is the difference in magnification and resolution?
Magnification – how big it is
Resolution – how clear the picture is
What kingdoms of life are made up of bacteria?
Archae, Bacteria
Archae that live in swamps and produce methane are called __methanogens______________
Archae that live in extremely salty places are called ____halophile___________________
Archaethat live in very hot places are called _______thermophile__________________.
Rod shaped bacteria are called _____bacilli___________
Sphere shaped bacteria are called _______cocci_________
Spiral shaped bacteria are called ______spirilla___________
Chains of cocci are called ____Streptococci____________
Clusters of cocci are called _____Staphylococci________________
Gram-positive bacteria stain _____purple__________ (color)
Gram-negative bacteria stain _____pink__________ (color)
Bacteria that normally live in the
intestinal tract of animals including humans are called ____methanogens_____________
Bacteria that extract energy from minerals (no sun needed) are called _____Chemoautotroph
Bacteria that live on the roots of plants (legumes) and change nitrogen into a usable form are called _______nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bacteria typically reproduce by ______binary fission
When two bacteria bind together and exchange transfer genetic material, it is called ____conjugation_______
A long structure that moves bacteria along is called a _______flagella_________
Bacteria that feed on dead things are called __decomposers, detritivores
Bacteria that use the sunlight as an energy
source are called ____Photoautotroph
Bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen are called _______Obligate Anaerobes
Bacteria that can live without oxygen or
with oxygen are called _______Facultative
Anaerobes
Bacteria that cannot survive without oxygen are called _______Obligate Aerobes
Bacteria that grow in hot environments are called ________thermophile_____________
Drugs that are produced in a laboratory to fight bacterial infections are called _____antibiotics____
How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance? The population evolves into a resistant strain because the bacteria that are not resistant die.
List 5 things that are useful about bacteria.
1
make antibiotics
2.
make vitamins
3.
make insulin
4.
make cheese, yogurt
5.
decomposers/recycling
Why is a virus not considered to be alive?